Absorption refrigerating apparatus



Oct. 19, 1954 MARTIN 2,691,874

ABSORPTION REFRIGERATING APPARATUS Filed March 27, 1951 3 Sheets-Sheet lFIG.|

Oct. 19, 1954 R. MARTIN 2,691,874

ABSORPTION REFRIGERATING APPARATUS Filed March 27, 1951 3 Sheets-Sheet 2Oct. 19, 1954 R. MARTIN ABSORPTION REFRIGERATING APPARATUS 3Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed March 27, 1951 FIG.5

7 Van (or fiewe'flfarf/n,

Avior/7e! Patented Oct. 19, 1954 UNITED STATES ATENT OFFICE Claimspriority, application Morocco March 30, 1950 2 Claims.

The present invention is relative to continuous cycle, absorption typerefrigerating apparatus, operating from any heat source (electricity,gas, kerosene) In apparatus known at present, it is common to note thatthe heat exchanger is placed adjacent to the boiling element, or, insome cases concentrically thereto, but in these two cases, theemulsifier or thermal pump is not always placed on the central tube ofthe boiler, or, if so, the thermal contact not being suiiicient to givethe emulsifier an adequate activity, a small diameter tube is associatedwith it, whichv extends it and, being wound around the central tube ofthe boiler, increases the contact area.

It is common, also, to note, on existing apparatus, that the steam tube,collecting the vapours of the boiler to the condensing element, connectsdirectly said two elements, to allow the water vapours carried away withammonia vapours to condense, so that only vapours rich in ammonia areallowed into the condenser; there is often added a water separatorconsisting of aset of inner baflies, and outer cooling fins, a suitableslope making it posible for the condensed water vapour to come back tothe boiler.

The present invention covers a continuous cycle, absorption typerefrigerating apparatus wherein:

(a) The thermal pump or emulsifier is in direct and intimate contact, bywelding, with the boiler tube.

(1)) The vapour tube is amply dimensioned and offers, at its lowerportion, baffles, for separating the refrigerating medium from itsvehicle.

(0) The upper portion of the vapour tube is arranged above the condenserand cooled by the air stream rising from the latter.

(d) The tube forming the coil of the evaporator offers, inside,striations, perpendicular to the direction of flow of the refrigeratingmedium, for braking it and fractioning it so as to allow its completecombination with the vehicle.

(e) Plates are clamped on the coil of the evaporator, some forming anarch and others forming the ground, so as to constitute compartmentswherein are housed ice drawers and possibly the products to be frozen.

One type of embodiment of the object of the invention is represented, byway of example, in the appended drawings.

Figure 1 is a front elevation, partly in section, of the apparatus.

Figure 2 is a side elevation of the apparatus.

Figure 3 is a plane view, partly cut away, of the apparatus.

Figure 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the vapour tube andcorresponding to line tll of Figure 1.

Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view corresponding to line 55 of Figure 4.

In Figure 1, l designates the boiler tube, which is heated by any heatsource (electricity, gas or kerosene). This tube is extended, at itsupper portion, by a vapour tube 2, assuming the shape of a V, the end ofwhich 2a opens into the condenser 3 which is connected by means of thetube 4 with the evaporator 5, placed in the refrigerating cupboard. Thetube 5 is extended, upwards, by a return circuit 6, "i to the absorber 8which opens at its lower end into a tank 9, connected through a tube Itwith the temperature exchanger II. The thermal pump [2 is Welded exceptat its upper part (Figure 1) to the base la of the boiler I. To thiseffect, an intense metal fusion is effected between the body of theboiler l and the pump i2. This pump, connected with the temperatureexchanger ll through a tube l3 projects the mixture of the refrigeratingmedium and its vehicle up to the upper portion lb of the boiler Ithrough the tube I4. The ararngement of the pump i2 with respect to theboiler l allows a suitable activity of the latter, since a thermalcontact is directly ensured. The vapour tube 2, connected to the upperportion of the boiler tube 1 is amply dimensioned and comprises, at itslower portion, baiiles 2b (Figures 4.and 5), while its upper portion,passing above the condenser 3 utilizes, for its cooling, without the useof any fins, the upward forced air stream issuing from the fins of thecondenser 3, which ensures it a sufiicient cooling. This condenser is atwo-stage condenser and is arranged in such a manner that itsventilation be not hindered by the vapour tube 2. Further, theevaporator 5, which is of the coil type, comprises one or more metalplates 16, firmly clamped on to the coil 55. Some of these plates formthe ground and others form the arch of compartments wherein are housedice drawers and possibly the products to be frozen. This arrangementallows a transmission with a perfect thermal conductivity between thecoil 15, the plates l6 and the products to be preserved.

There occurs in the evaporator 5, in addition to the evaporation of therefrigerating agent, producing cold, a fractioning and a combination ofthe agent with the neutral gas which is used as its vehicle, and whichis generally hydrogen. This combination should be as complete aspossible, and in order that part of this refrigerating agent does notleave the coil in a liquid condition,

the latter comprises inner helical striations I! (Figure 3). Thesestriations are perpendicular to the direction of flow of therefrigerating agent and consist of a close pitched tapping. The effectof these striations is to brake the flow of the refrigerating agent andto fraction it to allow its combination with the vehicle and thus avoidits leaving the evaporator 5 in a liquid condition to return to theabsorbing element 8 before its complete evaporation, which would havethe efiect of causing a substantial decrease in efficiency of therefrigerating unit.

I claim:

1. A refrigerating apparatus of the absorption 1 type, comprising aheating tube, a boiler arranged concentrically with said tube, a vaportube issuing from the upper portion of the boiler, said vapor tube witha V-shaped large section, with superposed and substantially horizontalbranches starting from the upper portion of the boiler,

bafiies, placed in the lower branch of said tube, a condenser placedbetween the two branches of the v-shaped vapor tube and connected withthe upper portion of said tube, an evaporator to be placed in thechamber to be refrigerated, an absorber in communication with saidevaporator, a tank in which the absorber opens, a heat exchangercomprising two tubes placed concentrically to one another, the outertube connected with the upper portion of the absorber at one end and atthe other end with the under portion of the said boiler, a conduitbetween the tank and the inner tube of the heat exchanger, a thermalpump welded on the heating tube and arranged in heat conductive relationtherewith, said thermal pump being connected at its upper portion withthe inner tube of the heat exchanger, said latter being wound in spiralsaround the lower portion of the heating tube, and a small diameter tubeconnected with the upper portion of the thermal pump rising along theboiler and connected with the upper portion of said boiler.

2. A refrigerating apparatus of the absorption type, comprising aheating tube, a boiler arranged concentrically with said tube, a vaportube issuing from the upper portion of the boiler, said vapor tube witha V-shaped large section, with superposed and substantially horizontalbranches starting from the vupper'portior'i of the boiler, baflies,placed in the lower branch'of said tube, a condenser placed between thetwo branches of the V-shaped vapor tube and connected with the upperportion of said tube, an evaporator to be placed in the chamber to berefrigerated, an absorber in communication with said evaporator, a tankin which the absorber opens, a heat exchanger comprising two tubesplaced concentrically to one another, the outer tube connected with theupper portion of the absorber at one end and at the other end with theunder portion of the said boiler, a conduit between the tank and theinner tube of the heat exchanger, a thermal pump welded on the heatingtube and arranged in heat conductive relation therewith, said thermalpump having an upper part detached from said heating tube and connectedto the inner tube of the heat exchanger,

said latter being wound in spirals around the lower portion of theheating tube, and a small diameter tube connected with the detachedupper portion of the thermal pump rising along the boiler and connectedwith the upper portion of France Sept, "7, 1949 war

